Linux klasör yapısı

Ref: http://www.systemcity.org


/ – başlangıç yeridir.(yani root)
/boot — linux un kernel i burada bulunur. Sistem buradaki kernel i yükleyerek açılır.
/etc — sistem ayarları burada bulunur. Text formatındadır, herhangi bir dosya düzenleyicisiyle görebilirsin.
/bin — sistemdeki komut dosyaları buradadır
/lib — sistem kitaplıkları
/home — kullanıcıların oldugu yer
/home/ahmet — ahmet kullanıcısının dosyalarının oldugu yer

/sbin — sistemle ilgili komut dosyaları, daha çok konfigurasyon için kullanılır.
/usr — sisteme kurulan dosyalar vs herşeyin oldugu yer
/usr/bin — sisteme kurulan programlar
/usr/lib — sisteme kurulan kitaplıklar
/usr/local — sisteme kullanıcıların yükledigi programlar
/tmp — geçici dosyalar
/var — html gibi dosyaların oldugu yer

Bunların yanında Linux u kurarken hdd yi elle ayırmak en ideali. Bunun için tavsiye edilen 30 gb lik bir yer ayrımak sonra da elle ayarlamak istiyorum diyerek 30 gb silip tekrar sırayla gerekli bölümleri yaratmak.

Gerekli olanlar:
/boot — 100 mb yeterli olur -ext3
/swap — 2 gb – swap
/root — kalan miktar – ext3

apt-get install xxx | apt-cache search xxx

cem@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache search jdk
default-jdk-doc - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit (documentation)
gcj-4.4-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-4.6-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
gcj-native-helper - Standard helper tools for creating gcj native packages
libcommons-lang-java - Extension of the java.lang package
libcommons-lang-java-doc - Extension of the java.lang package
libhessian-java - Java implementation of a binary protocol for web services
libhessian-java-doc - Documentation for libhessian-java
libpg-java - Java database (JDBC) driver for PostgreSQL
libpg-java-doc - Java database (JDBC) driver for PostgreSQL (documentation)
mauve - free test suite for the Java Class libraries
default-jdk - Standard Java or Java compatible Development Kit
default-jre - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime
default-jre-headless - Standard Java or Java compatible Runtime (headless)
jde - JDEE, Java Development Environment for Emacs(en)
fakeroot-ng - Gives a fake root environment
freemind - Java Program for creating and viewing Mindmaps
gcj-4.5-jdk - gcj and classpath development tools for Java(TM)
japitools - Java API compatibility testing tools
java3ds-fileloader - Java3D 3DS File Loader
jtreg - Regression Test Harness for the OpenJDK platform
libcommons-launcher-java - cross platform java application launcher
libcommons-math-java - Java lightweight mathematics and statistics components
libcommons-math-java-doc - Java lightweight mathematics and statistics components - documentation
libhibernate-commons-annotations-java - Hibernate Commons Annotations
libicu4j-4.2-java - Library for Unicode support and internalisation
libicu4j-4.4-java - Library for Unicode support and internalisation
libicu4j-java - Library for unicode support and internalisation
libitext1-java - Java Library to generate PDF on the Fly
libjboss-aop-java - JBoss Aspect Oriented Programming (AOP) framework
libjboss-common-java - The JBoss Common Project
libjboss-marshalling-java - alternative serialization API
libjson-simple-java - Simple, lightweight and efficient JSON toolkit for Java
libjxp-java - Java template engine/script processor
libmaven-enforcer-plugin-java - Maven build rule execution framework
libnb-javaparser-java - Parser for the Java language which is good for use in tools
libpicocontainer-java - Java library implementing the Dependency Injection pattern
libslf4j-java - Simple Logging Facade for Java
libtrove-java - high performance collections for java
libtrove-java-doc - high performance collections for java
libwagon-java - tools to manage Maven artifacts and deployment
mmake - Makefile generator for Java programs
substance - cross-platform look & feel for Swing applications
substance-doc - cross-platform look & feel for Swing applications - documentation
testng - testing framework for Java
usepackage - utility to manage environment variables from within dotfiles
uwsgi-app-integration-plugins - plugins for integration of uWSGI and application
uwsgi-plugin-jvm-openjdk-6 - Java plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
uwsgi-plugin-jwsgi-openjdk-6 - JWSGI plugin for uWSGI (OpenJDK 6)
visualvm - All-in-One Java Troubleshooting Tool
icedtea-6-jre-cacao - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Cacao
icedtea-6-jre-jamvm - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using JamVM
icedtea-plugin - web browser plugin based on OpenJDK and IcedTea to execute Java applets
libreoffice - office productivity suite
openjdk-6-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-6-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-6-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-6-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-6-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-6-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-6-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
openjdk-6-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files
icedtea-7-jre-jamvm - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using JamVM
openjdk-6-jre-zero - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero/Shark
openjdk-7-dbg - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (debugging symbols)
openjdk-7-demo - Java runtime based on OpenJDK (demos and examples)
openjdk-7-doc - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) documentation
openjdk-7-jdk - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK)
openjdk-7-jre - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT
openjdk-7-jre-headless - OpenJDK Java runtime, using Hotspot JIT (headless)
openjdk-7-jre-lib - OpenJDK Java runtime (architecture independent libraries)
openjdk-7-jre-zero - Alternative JVM for OpenJDK, using Zero/Shark
openjdk-7-source - OpenJDK Development Kit (JDK) source files

cem@ubuntu:~$ apt-get install default-jdk
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

cem@ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get install default-jdk
[sudo] password for cem: 
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree       
Reading state information... Done
default-jdk is already the newest version.
default-jdk set to manually installed.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 282 not upgraded.

Ubuntu üstünde Ati 4870 fan kontrol komutları

ref: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1493880

Aşağıdaki kodları terminal(konsol) penceresine yazarız.

%31 ile çalışacak

aticonfig --pplib-cmd "setfanspeed 0 31"

GPU ısısının kaç olduğunu ise aşağıdaki komutla öğrenebiliriz:

aticonfig --adapter=0 --od-gettemperature

Linux Komutları

Centos üstünde servis işlemleri

systemctl -l // Tümünü listeler
systemctl stop elasticsearch.service  //elasticsearch.service durdurulur
systemctl start elasticsearch.service //elasticsearch.service çalıştırılır

service --status-all
service --status-all | more
service --status-all | grep ntpd
service --status-all | less

YUML(Centos, Redhat) ile yüklenmiş paketleri listeleme

yuml list installed

Dizin-dosya Listeleme

ls -l |more

Ağ(network) ayarlarını listelemek

ifconfig

Bilgisayarı yeniden başlatmak

reboot

DNS İşlemerine Dair

DNS kayıtlarındaki tarihçeyi veriyor intodns.com aşağıda bir örneği var.
http://www.intodns.com/man4it.com


DNS kayıtlarını (A, MX v.s.) sorgulamak için www.mxtoolbox.com
http://www.mxtoolbox.com/SuperTool.aspx?action=mx%3aman4it.net

---

QMAIL TOASTER

http://192.168.1.67/admin-toaster/index.php
kulAdi: admin
şifre: toaster

http://192.168.1.67/webmail

---

http.conf İçinde Aynı Server Üstünde Farklı Alan Adları Tanımlamak

Referans: http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.0/vhosts/examples.html

# Ensure that Apache listens on port 80
Listen 192.168.1.66:80

# Listen for virtual host requests on all IP addresses
NameVirtualHost *:80

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /www/example1
ServerName www.example1.com

# Other directives here

</VirtualHost>

<VirtualHost *:80>
DocumentRoot /www/example2
ServerName www.example2.org

# Other directives here

</VirtualHost>

---

fstab [ filesystem table ]

Ref: http://www.tuxfiles.org
There's a file called /etc/fstab in your Linux system. fstab is a plain text configuration file that contains information of all the partitions and storage devices in your computer. If you can't access your Windows partition from Linux, aren't able to mount your CD or write to your floppy as a normal user, or have problems with your CD-RW, you probably have a misconfigured /etc/fstab file. So, you can usually fix your mounting problems by editing your fstab file.

/dev/hda2	/	ext2	defaults	1 1
/dev/hdb1	/home	ext2	defaults	1 2
/dev/cdrom	/media/cdrom	auto	ro,noauto,user,exec	0 0
/dev/fd0	/media/floppy	auto	rw,noauto,user,sync	0 0
proc	/proc	proc	defaults	0 0
/dev/hda1	swap	swap	pri=42	0 0
ro	Mount the filesystem read-only.
rw	Mount the filesystem read-write. Again, using this option might cure the headache of many new Linux users who are tearing their hair off because they can't write to their floppies, Windows partitions, or something else.
sync and async	How the input and output to the filesystem should be done. sync means it's done synchronously. If you look at the example fstab, you'll notice that this is the option used with the floppy. In plain English, this means that when you, for example, copy a file to the floppy, the changes are physically written to the floppy at the same time you issue the copy command. However, if you have the async option in /etc/fstab, input and output is done asynchronously. Now when you copy a file to the floppy, the changes may be physically written to it long time after issuing the command. This isn't bad, and may sometimes be favorable, but can cause some nasty accidents: if you just remove the floppy without unmounting it first, the copied file may not physically exist on the floppy yet! async is the default. However, it may be wise to use sync with the floppy, especially if you're used to the way it's done in Windows and have a tendency to remove floppies before unmounting them first.
exec and noexec	exec lets you execute binaries that are on that partition, whereas noexec doesn't let you do that. noexec might be useful for a partition that contains binaries you don't want to execute on your system, or that can't even be executed on your system. This might be the case of a Windows partition. exec is the default option, which is a good thing. Imagine what would happen if you accidentally used the noexec option with your Linux root partition...
user and nouser	These are very useful options. The user option allows normal users to mount the device, whereas nouser lets only the root to mount the device. nouser is the default, which is a major cause of headache for new Linux users. If you're not able to mount your cdrom, floppy, Windows partition, or something else as a normal user, add the user option into /etc/fstab.
auto and noauto	With the auto option, the device will be mounted automatically (at bootup, just like I told you a bit earlier, or when you issue the mount -a command). auto is the default option. If you don't want the device to be mounted automatically, use the noauto option in /etc/fstab. With noauto, the device can be mounted only explicitly.
defaults	Uses the default options that are rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async.

Bir aygıtı bir bağlantı noktasına bağlamak için:$ mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy

1. Solaris de adı vfstab dır.
2. programlar bu dosyaya dokunmamalidir, sadece icabinda system administrator degistirmelidir. "mount -a" komutu, bu dosyadaki butun filesystemlari mount eder.
3. istediginiz surucuyu mount ettiniz, ama bilgisayari yeniden baslattiginizda yeniden mount etmeniz mi gerekiyor ? iste bu dosyaya istediginiz surucuyu girin,her boot'tan sonra surucu otomatik olarak mount edilmis olsun